How long is the flight from Victoria to South Africa?

Departing from Victoria to South Africa will take you 20h 35m. Airlines will cover a distance of 10313 km. Both multi-stop and direct flights can be found to your destination and back. Find deals

What are the cheapest airlines to fly from Victoria to South Africa one-way?

One-way options have recently been found by users for as low as $734 on Etihad Airways. Other airlines that offer cheap prices include Qatar Airways from $1,049 and Qantas Airways from $1,403 one-way. Find deals

In terms of precipitation, rainfall in South Africa ranges from 0.0 - 120.0 inches per month. January is typically the wettest month, when rainfall can reach 120.0 mm. June is typically the driest time to visit South Africa when rainfall is around 0.0 mm. Find deals

If weather is an important factor for your trip to South Africa, use this chart to help with planning. For those seeking warmer temperatures, January is the ideal time of year to visit, when temperatures reach an average of 20.0 C. Travellers hoping to avoid the cold should look outside of June, when temperatures are typically at their lowest (around 10.0 C).

How far in advance should I book a flight from Victoria to South Africa?

When searching for a good deal, it’s best to be prepared for potential fluctuations in price. We recommend booking at least 49 days in advance, which can save you up to 22% on flights from Victoria to South Africa compared to booking the week you need them. Waiting 49 days out may not be for everyone, so we have options available for flights within the next two weeks, with the lowest price starting at $1,823. For sooner than that we have options available in the next 3 days from $2,091.

What is the cheapest month to fly from Victoria to South Africa?

Due to multiple factors, expect to potentially pay more when booking in December. For low rates, May can be a great choice for travel to South Africa. Flights to South Africa from Victoria in May are about $1,832 on average during May, but can be found for as low as $1,130.

Can I find deals for flights from Victoria to South Africa that include hotel bookings?

Yes. In addition to deals on Victoria to South Africa flights, Cheapflights offers holiday packages that include both flights and hotel.

How can I find direct flights from Victoria to South Africa?

After entering your origin and destination, apply the non-stop filter on the search result page to find direct flights from Victoria to South Africa.

Can I find deals for business class flights from Victoria to South Africa?

Yes. Cheapflights offers flight deals from Victoria to South Africa by cabin class. In addition to browsing deals, you can also filter by cabin class on the search results page after making a search.

$734+ Flights from Victoria to South Africa

Cheap flight deals from Victoria to South Africa

Round-trip from	$1,193
One-way from	$734
Popular in	December
Cheapest in	May
Average price	$1,736

Singapore Airlines
23/2-13/3
2 total stops
59h 50m total
Victoria to South Africa

Search Deals

Etihad Airways
30/10
1 total stop
23h 00m total
Victoria to South Africa

Search Deals

Highest demand for flights based on searches. 11% potential increase in price ($354 potential increase over avg. return price).

Search Deals

Cheapest flight prices on average. 3% potential price decrease ($88 potential savings vs. average return price).

Search Deals

Average for round-trip flights in September 2025

Search Deals

Find flight deals from Victoria to South Africa

Cheapest flights from Victoria to South Africa
Explore the most affordable flight options available from Victoria to South Africa. Find the lowest fares from popular airlines and budget airlines, with prices last updated on 5 September 2025.

Wed 5/1118:20MEL - JNB

1 stop23h 00mEtihad Airways

Thu 20/1109:50JNB - MEL

1 stop22h 10mEtihad Airways

Deal found 3/9$1,377

Tue 21/1018:10MEL - JNB

1 stop23h 10mEtihad Airways

Thu 20/1109:50JNB - MEL

1 stop22h 10mEtihad Airways

Deal found 4/9$1,381

Fri 31/1018:20MEL - JNB

2 stops45h 50mEtihad Airways

Tue 11/1109:50JNB - MEL

1 stop22h 10mEtihad Airways

Deal found 4/9$1,392

Mon 10/1118:20MEL - JNB

1 stop23h 00mEtihad Airways

Mon 24/1109:50JNB - MEL

1 stop22h 10mEtihad Airways

Deal found 5/9$1,435

Fri 14/1118:20MEL - JNB

1 stop23h 00mMultiple Airlines

Wed 3/1213:45JNB - MEL

1 stop31h 00mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 3/9$1,460

Fri 14/1118:20MEL - JNB

1 stop23h 00mEtihad Airways

Sun 30/1109:50JNB - MEL

1 stop22h 10mEtihad Airways

Deal found 4/9$1,466

Fri 17/1018:10MEL - JNB

1 stop23h 10mMultiple Airlines

Fri 24/1011:20JNB - MEL

1 stop39h 55mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 4/9$1,473

Sat 18/1018:00MEL - JNB

1 stop23h 20mMultiple Airlines

Sat 25/1011:20JNB - MEL

1 stop40h 10mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 3/9$1,486

Fri 7/1117:10MEL - CPT

1 stop33h 15mQatar Airways

Fri 21/1107:00CPT - MEL

2 stops31h 45mQatar Airways

Deal found 2/9$1,729

Fri 7/1118:20MEL - CPT

2 stops27h 20mMultiple Airlines

Fri 21/1106:05CPT - MEL

2 stops25h 55mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 2/9$1,809

Sat 18/1018:00MEL - CPT

2 stops30h 15mMultiple Airlines

Sat 25/1020:25CPT - MEL

2 stops41h 35mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 2/9$1,823

Mon 3/1123:40MEL - CPT

1 stop43h 50mQatar Airways

Wed 3/1212:35CPT - MEL

1 stop25h 30mQatar Airways

Deal found 4/9$1,864

Best flights from Victoria to South Africa
Discover carefully curated flight deals from Victoria to South Africa that have cost, travel time, and stopovers in mind to ensure you get the best travel experience. Data last updated 5 September 2025.

Mon 23/207:00MEL - JNB

1 stop20h 35mSingapore Airlines

Fri 13/319:50JNB - MEL

1 stop24h 55mSingapore Airlines

Deal found 4/9$1,250

Wed 5/1118:20MEL - JNB

1 stop23h 00mEtihad Airways

Thu 20/1109:50JNB - MEL

1 stop22h 10mEtihad Airways

Deal found 3/9$1,377

Mon 2/218:20MEL - JNB

2 stops45h 50mMultiple Airlines

Sat 14/220:20JNB - MEL

1 stop24h 25mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 3/9$1,452

Fri 7/1117:10MEL - CPT

1 stop33h 15mQatar Airways

Fri 21/1107:00CPT - MEL

2 stops31h 45mQatar Airways

Deal found 2/9$1,729

Mon 27/1020:55AVV - JNB

1 stop27h 05mQantas Airways

Sun 9/1117:30JNB - AVV

1 stop20h 45mQantas Airways

Deal found 3/9$1,936

Fri 31/1018:20MEL - JNB

2 stops45h 50mEtihad Airways

Tue 11/1109:50JNB - MEL

1 stop22h 10mEtihad Airways

Deal found 4/9$1,392

Fri 14/1118:20MEL - JNB

1 stop23h 00mMultiple Airlines

Wed 3/1213:45JNB - MEL

1 stop31h 00mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 3/9$1,460

Mon 10/1118:20MEL - JNB

1 stop23h 00mEtihad Airways

Mon 24/1109:50JNB - MEL

1 stop22h 10mEtihad Airways

Deal found 5/9$1,435

Fri 17/1018:10MEL - JNB

1 stop23h 10mMultiple Airlines

Fri 24/1011:20JNB - MEL

1 stop39h 55mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 4/9$1,473

Wed 28/123:40MEL - CPT

2 stops32h 10mQatar Airways

Mon 9/212:35CPT - MEL

1 stop25h 30mQatar Airways

Deal found 3/9$1,742

Fri 14/1118:20MEL - JNB

1 stop23h 00mEtihad Airways

Sun 30/1109:50JNB - MEL

1 stop22h 10mEtihad Airways

Deal found 4/9$1,466

Wed 28/110:35MEL - CPT

2 stops31h 50mSingapore Airlines

Mon 9/210:40CPT - MEL

2 stops25h 45mSingapore Airlines

Deal found 3/9$1,788

Last-minute flights from Victoria to South Africa
Discover last-minute flight deals from Victoria to South Africa. Data last updated 5 September 2025 and is based on user searches.

Thu 2/1017:10MEL - JNB

1 stop23h 10mEtihad Airways

Sat 25/1009:50JNB - MEL

1 stop21h 45mEtihad Airways

Deal found 4/9$1,506

Thu 2/1017:10MEL - JNB

1 stop23h 10mEtihad Airways

Sun 26/1021:45JNB - MEL

2 stops58h 15mEtihad Airways

Deal found 4/9$1,518

Sun 5/1018:10MEL - JNB

1 stop23h 10mMultiple Airlines

Sun 19/1011:20JNB - MEL

1 stop26h 55mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 3/9$1,498

Sun 5/1018:10MEL - JNB

1 stop23h 10mMultiple Airlines

Fri 24/1011:20JNB - MEL

1 stop26h 55mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 4/9$1,519

Mon 6/1018:10MEL - JNB

1 stop23h 20mMultiple Airlines

Mon 20/1011:20JNB - MEL

1 stop26h 55mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 4/9$1,582

Tue 7/1018:10MEL - JNB

1 stop23h 10mEtihad Airways

Sat 25/1009:50JNB - MEL

1 stop21h 45mEtihad Airways

Deal found 4/9$1,578

Fri 17/1018:10MEL - JNB

1 stop23h 10mMultiple Airlines

Fri 24/1011:20JNB - MEL

1 stop39h 55mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 4/9$1,473

Sat 18/1018:00MEL - JNB

1 stop23h 20mMultiple Airlines

Sat 25/1011:20JNB - MEL

1 stop40h 10mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 3/9$1,486

Sun 19/1018:10MEL - DUR

2 stops32h 30mMultiple Airlines

Sun 26/1006:25DUR - MEL

2 stops31h 35mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 4/9$1,893

Tue 21/1018:10MEL - JNB

1 stop23h 10mEtihad Airways

Thu 20/1109:50JNB - MEL

1 stop22h 10mEtihad Airways

Deal found 4/9$1,381

Fri 24/1018:10MEL - JNB

1 stop23h 10mMultiple Airlines

Fri 31/1011:05JNB - MEL

1 stop26h 55mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 3/9$1,512

Fri 31/1018:20MEL - JNB

2 stops45h 50mEtihad Airways

Tue 11/1109:50JNB - MEL

1 stop22h 10mEtihad Airways

Deal found 4/9$1,392

One-way flights from Victoria to South Africa
Search for one-way flight options from Victoria to South Africa. Find affordable one-way fares based on user searches. Data last updated 5 September 2025.

Thu 30/1018:20MEL - JNB

1 stop23h 00mEtihad Airways

Deal found 4/9$734

Fri 31/1018:20MEL - JNB

2 stops45h 50mEtihad Airways

Deal found 4/9$745

Wed 15/1018:10MEL - JNB

1 stop23h 10mEtihad Airways

Deal found 3/9$828

Mon 10/1118:20MEL - JNB

1 stop23h 00mEtihad Airways

Deal found 5/9$857

Wed 15/1007:00MEL - JNB

3 stops58h 20mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 3/9$871

Tue 9/905:00MEL - JNB

1 stop35h 20mEtihad Airways

Deal found 2/9$889

Tue 25/1119:25MEL - JNB

1 stop32h 10mSingapore Airlines

Deal found 3/9$935

Thu 30/1017:10MEL - JNB

2 stops30h 10mRwandAir

Deal found 4/9$952

Thu 30/1022:35MEL - JNB

3 stops42h 45mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 4/9$963

Sun 19/1013:05MEL - CPT

2 stops33h 40mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 4/9$984

Mon 10/1107:00MEL - JNB

3 stops34h 20mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 5/9$993

Mon 8/917:10MEL - JNB

1 stop23h 20mEtihad Airways

Deal found 3/9$1,001

Cheapflights Fare Finder

Use the filters below to find and compare flights from Victoria to South Africa that are best for you.

Fly from

Fly to

Route

Depart

Return

Price

MelbourneJohannesburg

MEL - JNB

MELJNB

Melbourne

Mon 23/2

07:00-18:35

1 stop20h 35m

Johannesburg OR Tambo

Fri 13/3

19:50-05:45

1 stop24h 55m

$1,250

MelbourneJohannesburg

MEL - JNB

MELJNB

Melbourne

Wed 5/11

18:20-08:20

1 stop23h 00m

Johannesburg OR Tambo

Thu 20/11

09:50-17:00

1 stop22h 10m

$1,377

MelbourneJohannesburg

MEL - JNB

MELJNB

Melbourne

Fri 31/10

18:20-07:10

2 stops45h 50m

Johannesburg OR Tambo

Tue 11/11

09:50-17:00

1 stop22h 10m

$1,392

MelbourneJohannesburg

MEL - JNB

MELJNB

Melbourne

Mon 10/11

18:20-08:20

1 stop23h 00m

Johannesburg OR Tambo

Mon 24/11

09:50-17:00

1 stop22h 10m

$1,435

MelbourneJohannesburg

MEL - JNB

MELJNB

Melbourne

Mon 2/2

18:20-07:10

2 stops45h 50m

Johannesburg OR Tambo

Sat 14/2

20:20-05:45

1 stop24h 25m

$1,452

MelbourneJohannesburg

MEL - JNB

MELJNB

Melbourne

Fri 14/11

18:20-08:20

1 stop23h 00m

Johannesburg OR Tambo

Wed 3/12

13:45-05:45

1 stop31h 00m

$1,460

MelbourneJohannesburg

MEL - JNB

MELJNB

Melbourne

Fri 14/11

18:20-08:20

1 stop23h 00m

Johannesburg OR Tambo

Sun 30/11

09:50-17:00

1 stop22h 10m

$1,466

MelbourneJohannesburg

MEL - JNB

MELJNB

Melbourne

Fri 17/10

18:10-08:20

1 stop23h 10m

Johannesburg OR Tambo

Fri 24/10

11:20-12:15

1 stop39h 55m

$1,473

MelbourneCape Town

MEL - CPT

MELCPT

Melbourne

Fri 7/11

17:10-17:25

1 stop33h 15m

Cape Town Intl

Fri 21/11

07:00-23:45

2 stops31h 45m

$1,729

MelbourneCape Town

MEL - CPT

MELCPT

Melbourne

Wed 28/1

23:40-22:50

2 stops32h 10m

Cape Town Intl

Mon 9/2

12:35-23:05

1 stop25h 30m

$1,742

Flights are sorted by cheapest return flights first.

Deals found on 4/9

Showing 1-10 of 60 results

...

Best time to book a flight from Victoria to South Africa

Have a flexible travel schedule? Discover the best time to fly to South Africa from Victoria with our price prediction graph.

Estimated return price

Rates are based on past data. Find the cheapest month and day to book your flight based on your travel requirements, then search for cheap deals.

Cheapflights Insights

Everything you need to know about your flight from Victoria to South Africa

What is the cheapest month to book a flight from Victoria to South Africa?

Currently, May is the cheapest month in which you can book a flight from Victoria to South Africa (average of $1,089). Flying from Victoria to South Africa in December is currently the most expensive (average of $1,714). There are several factors that can impact the price of a flight, so comparing airlines, departure airports and flight times can provide users with more options.

What is the cheapest time of day to fly from VIC to ZA?

Regardless of the time of day you decide to fly, the ticket price will remain around the same. Book flights from Victoria to South Africa as you normally would.

Related info for your journey

How long is the flight from Victoria to South Africa?
Departing from Victoria to South Africa will take you 20h 35m. Airlines will cover a distance of 10313 km. Both multi-stop and direct flights can be found to your destination and back.
What are the cheapest airlines to fly from Victoria to South Africa one-way?
One-way options have recently been found by users for as low as $734 on Etihad Airways. Other airlines that offer cheap prices include Qatar Airways from $1,049 and Qantas Airways from $1,403 one-way.
Can I find deals for flights from Victoria to South Africa that include hotel bookings?
Yes. In addition to deals on Victoria to South Africa flights, Cheapflights offers holiday packages that include both flights and hotel.
How can I find direct flights from Victoria to South Africa?
After entering your origin and destination, apply the non-stop filter on the search result page to find direct flights from Victoria to South Africa.
Can I find deals for business class flights from Victoria to South Africa?
Yes. Cheapflights offers flight deals from Victoria to South Africa by cabin class. In addition to browsing deals, you can also filter by cabin class on the search results page after making a search.
What is the cheapest month to book a flight from Victoria to South Africa?
Currently, May is the cheapest month in which you can book a flight from Victoria to South Africa (average of $1,089). Flying from Victoria to South Africa in December is currently the most expensive (average of $1,714). There are several factors that can impact the price of a flight, so comparing airlines, departure airports and flight times can provide users with more options.

See more FAQs

Browse thousands of different options on Cheapflights for your next trip

Alternative routes for Victoria to South Africa

Melbourne to Cape Town flights

Melbourne to Cairo flights

Sydney to Cairo flights

Sydney to OR Tambo flights

Melbourne to Jomo Kenyatta Intl flights

Brisbane to OR Tambo flights

Perth to OR Tambo flights

Melbourne to OR Tambo flights

Perth to Jomo Kenyatta Intl flights

Sydney to Port Louis flights

Melbourne to Harare flights

Perth to Cairo flights

Sydney to Jomo Kenyatta Intl flights

Brisbane to Cape Town flights

Adelaide to Cairo flights

Perth to Cape Town flights

Perth to Port Louis flights

Brisbane to Entebbe flights

Melbourne to Addis Ababa flights

Melbourne to Port Louis flights

Sydney to Cape Town flights

Brisbane to Cairo flights

Brisbane to Port Louis flights

Sydney to Addis Ababa flights

Sydney to Algiers flights

Sydney to Accra flights

Adelaide to Jomo Kenyatta Intl flights

Melbourne to Durban flights

Perth to Casablanca flights

Sydney to Casablanca flights

Melbourne to Bujumbura flights

Brisbane to Jomo Kenyatta Intl flights

Adelaide to OR Tambo flights

Brisbane to Harare flights

Melbourne to Lusaka flights

Perth to Mombasa flights

Brisbane to Dar Es Salaam flights

Brisbane to Lagos flights

Melbourne to Accra flights

Melbourne to Casablanca flights

Melbourne to Entebbe flights

Sydney to Harare flights

Sydney to Lagos flights

Sydney to Marrakech flights

Adelaide to Cape Town flights

Perth to Accra flights

Sydney to Entebbe flights

Complete your trip

South Africa car hire

Johannesburg OR Tambo Airport car hire

Cape Town Intl Airport car hire

Durban King Shaka Intl Airport car hire

Johannesburg Lanseria Airport car hire

Nelspruit Kruger Mpumalanga Airport car hire

East London Airport car hire

Bloemfontein Intl Airport car hire

Hoedspruit Airport car hire

Polokwane Airport car hire

Mthatha Umtata Airport car hire

Plettenberg Bay Airport car hire

Top 9 airlines flying from Victoria to South Africa

Airline	Cheapest	Average	Flexibility	On-time
Singapore Airlines	Cheapest$1,090	Average$1,532	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-time81%	Search Singapore Airlines flights
Etihad Airways	Cheapest$1,325	Average$1,682	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-time75%	Search Etihad Airways flights
Virgin Australia	Cheapest$1,326	Average$1,997	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-time80%	Search Virgin Australia flights
Qantas Airways	Cheapest$1,443	Average$2,060	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-time74%	Search Qantas Airways flights
Qatar Airways	Cheapest$1,478	Average$2,042	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-time68%	Search Qatar Airways flights
Cathay Pacific	Cheapest$1,485	Average$1,938	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-time72%	Search Cathay Pacific flights
Ethiopian Air	Cheapest$1,526	Average$1,919	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-time72%	Search Ethiopian Air flights
South African	Cheapest$1,634	Average$2,106	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-time78%	Search South African flights
Emirates	Cheapest$1,670	Average$2,305	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-time75%	Search Emirates flights

Fly with Cheapflights

How does Cheapflights help users find flights from Victoria to South Africa?

Cheapflights makes it easy to find Victoria to South Africa flights by helping our users search from 900+ travel sites for deals. We also provide you with filters for cabin, price, airline, airports, number of stops, and many more to narrow down that perfect flight.

Why should you use Cheapflights to find cheap flight tickets from Victoria to South Africa?

Cheapflights helps you find that perfect flight to South Africa from Victoria by searching from hundreds of airlines and agencies you know and love. We are also free to use, in case you were wondering!

Can Cheapflights find flights from Victoria to South Africa with no change fees?

Yes, we can. To see specific flights from Victoria to South Africa with no change fees, users can toggle flexible booking options after using the search form above to find flights.

Can Cheapflights notify me if prices for flights from Victoria to South Africa become cheaper?

Yes, Cheapflights offers price alerts on Victoria to South Africa flights so you can book your travel at the perfect time. Price Alerts can be enabled by clicking the bell icon next to the flight deals above and providing your email address where you want to receive the alerts.

100% Free

Cheapflights is completely free to use, so you can start saving the moment you arrive.

Book with Flexibility

Our users can plan ahead with confidence and find flights with no change fees

Travel Smart

Millions of people come to us for their flight needs every year. We help make travel planning easy by providing useful insights and data-driven graphs that can inform your decisions.

Cheap flights from Victoria to South Africa from $734

This is the cheapest one-way flight price found by a Cheapflights user in the last 72 hours by searching for a flight departing on 30/10. Fares are subject to change and may not be available on all flights or dates of travel.

Cheap flight deals from Victoria to South Africa

Keep the following information in mind while searching for Victoria to South Africa flight deals. Data was last updated 5 September 2025.

Round-trip from

One-way from

Popular in

Cheapest in

Average price

Find flight deals from Victoria to South Africa

Cheapest flights from Victoria to South AfricaExplore the most affordable flight options available from Victoria to South Africa. Find the lowest fares from popular airlines and budget airlines, with prices last updated on 5 September 2025.

Explore the most affordable flight options available from Victoria to South Africa. Find the lowest fares from popular airlines and budget airlines, with prices last updated on 5 September 2025.

Cheapflights Fare Finder

Use the filters below to find and compare flights from Victoria to South Africa that are best for you.

Best time to book a flight from Victoria to South Africa

Have a flexible travel schedule? Discover the best time to fly to South Africa from Victoria with our price prediction graph.

Cheapflights Insights

Everything you need to know about your flight from Victoria to South Africa

What is the cheapest month to book a flight from Victoria to South Africa?

What is the cheapest time of day to fly from VIC to ZA?

Find hourly flight availability from Victoria to South Africa. Discover flight options and departure times throughout the day, allowing you to choose a departure time that suits your schedule. Data last updated 5 September 2025.

Related info for your journey

Find useful and relevant information for your journey from Victoria to South Africa. Access travel guides, tips, and recommendations to enhance your travel experience. Get information about local attractions, weather, transportation options, and more.

How long is the flight from Victoria to South Africa?

What are the cheapest airlines to fly from Victoria to South Africa one-way?

Can I find deals for flights from Victoria to South Africa that include hotel bookings?

How can I find direct flights from Victoria to South Africa?

Can I find deals for business class flights from Victoria to South Africa?

What is the cheapest month to book a flight from Victoria to South Africa?

Browse thousands of different options on Cheapflights for your next trip

Toggle through the tabs below to find thousands of options on Cheapflights for your next trip.

Alternative routes for Victoria to South Africa

See prices for flight routes from nearby airports that may be better suited for you.

Top 9 airlines flying from Victoria to South Africa

Fly with Cheapflights

Find the best flight deals on Cheapflights, where travellers can enjoy low prices and a wide availability of flights to their desired destinations.

How does Cheapflights help users find flights from Victoria to South Africa?

Why should you use Cheapflights to find cheap flight tickets from Victoria to South Africa?

Can Cheapflights find flights from Victoria to South Africa with no change fees?

Can Cheapflights notify me if prices for flights from Victoria to South Africa become cheaper?

100% Free

Book with Flexibility

Travel Smart

Cheapest flights from Victoria to South Africa
Explore the most affordable flight options available from Victoria to South Africa. Find the lowest fares from popular airlines and budget airlines, with prices last updated on 5 September 2025.