This is the cheapest one-way flight price found by a Cheapflights user in the last 72 hours by searching for a flight departing on 14/1. Fares are subject to change and may not be available on all flights or dates of travel.
BNE — NYC
20 Nov — 27 Nov1
Return
1 adult
Economy
Return
1 adult, Economy
Cheapflights Tip: The best prices from Brisbane to New York are usually found in March or February, booked 87 days in advance, depart on a Wednesday or Tuesday and return on a Friday
Cheap flight deals from Brisbane to New York
Discover tips and strategies to find the most affordable flight options for your journey from Brisbane (BNE) to New York (NYC). Learn about various techniques such as flexible date searches, comparing prices across and setting up price alerts. Use these methods to find the cheapest flights available for your travel needs. Data last updated 21 October 2025.
Explore the most affordable flight options available from Brisbane to New York. Find the lowest fares from popular airlines and budget airlines, with prices last updated on 21 October 2025.
Mon 3/1110:45BNE - EWR
2 stops24h 52mAir Canada
Tue 18/1115:30EWR - BNE
2 stops26h 15mAir Canada
Deal found 19/10$1,222
Tue 2/1210:45BNE - EWR
2 stops38h 02mAir Canada
Thu 11/1218:25EWR - BNE
1 stop23h 20mAir Canada
Deal found 19/10$1,266
Wed 5/1110:45BNE - EWR
2 stops38h 00mAir Canada
Wed 19/1115:30EWR - BNE
2 stops26h 15mAir Canada
Deal found 20/10$1,277
Thu 13/1110:45BNE - EWR
1 stop21h 08mAir Canada
Fri 5/1216:10EWR - BNE
2 stops25h 35mAir Canada
Deal found 19/10$1,286
Wed 12/1110:45BNE - EWR
2 stops23h 53mAir Canada
Wed 19/1118:25EWR - BNE
1 stop23h 20mAir Canada
Deal found 20/10$1,290
Sun 2/1110:45BNE - JFK
2 stops25h 13mAir Canada
Thu 20/1109:45JFK - BNE
2 stops32h 00mAir Canada
Deal found 19/10$1,296
Sun 2/1110:45BNE - LGA
2 stops25h 48mAir Canada
Thu 20/1115:30LGA - BNE
2 stops26h 15mAir Canada
Deal found 18/10$1,296
Tue 2/1210:45BNE - JFK
2 stops25h 13mMultiple Airlines
Thu 11/1209:45JFK - BNE
3 stops35h 25mMultiple Airlines
Deal found 19/10$1,316
Thu 4/1206:05BNE - JFK
3 stops31h 34mAir Canada
Thu 11/1210:05JFK - BNE
2 stops31h 40mAir Canada
Deal found 20/10$1,323
Tue 11/1106:35BNE - JFK
3 stops31h 04mAir Canada
Tue 18/1116:50JFK - BNE
2 stops24h 55mAir Canada
Deal found 19/10$1,333
Wed 5/1119:50BNE - LGA
3 stops38h 13mMultiple Airlines
Wed 19/1116:20LGA - BNE
2 stops25h 25mMultiple Airlines
Deal found 20/10$1,333
Mon 10/1112:05BNE - JFK
3 stops49h 34mAir Canada
Wed 19/1110:05JFK - BNE
2 stops31h 40mAir Canada
Deal found 19/10$1,356
Best flights from Brisbane to New York
Discover carefully curated flight deals from Brisbane to New York that have cost, travel time, and stopovers in mind to ensure you get the best travel experience. Data last updated 21 October 2025.
Sun 2/1110:45BNE - LGA
2 stops25h 48mAir Canada
Thu 20/1111:30LGA - BNE
2 stops30h 15mAir Canada
Deal found 20/10$1,345
Wed 5/1111:05BNE - JFK
1 stop22h 40mDelta
Wed 19/1116:00JFK - BNE
2 stops25h 20mDelta
Deal found 20/10$1,374
Sun 9/1109:40BNE - LGA
1 stop21h 21mQantas Airways
Wed 19/1112:30LGA - BNE
1 stop27h 00mQantas Airways
Deal found 19/10$1,500
Tue 10/300:30BNE - JFK
1 stop26h 30mCathay Pacific
Sun 15/310:00JFK - BNE
1 stop34h 30mCathay Pacific
Deal found 18/10$1,734
Thu 11/1212:10BNE - LGA
2 stops21h 35mAmerican Airlines
Mon 5/108:00LGA - BNE
1 stop31h 30mAmerican Airlines
Deal found 20/10$1,940
Wed 10/1211:40BNE - EWR
2 stops23h 12mUnited Airlines
Sun 4/118:00EWR - BNE
1 stop22h 30mUnited Airlines
Deal found 20/10$2,439
Sun 8/310:45BNE - LGA
2 stops22h 18mAir Canada
Sun 22/319:45LGA - BNE
2 stops46h 00mAir Canada
Deal found 21/10$1,345
Wed 18/211:05BNE - JFK
1 stop21h 40mDelta
Wed 25/216:50JFK - BNE
2 stops24h 30mDelta
Deal found 20/10$1,374
Tue 2/1210:45BNE - LGA
2 stops25h 48mAir Canada
Thu 11/1213:05LGA - BNE
2 stops28h 40mAir Canada
Deal found 19/10$1,345
Wed 12/1111:05BNE - JFK
2 stops24h 12mDelta
Wed 19/1118:05JFK - BNE
1 stop23h 15mDelta
Deal found 20/10$1,374
Wed 11/309:45BNE - EWR
1 stop21h 08mAir Canada
Sun 15/306:55EWR - BNE
2 stops58h 50mAir Canada
Deal found 20/10$1,357
Wed 19/1111:05BNE - LGA
2 stops23h 20mDelta
Wed 26/1117:03LGA - BNE
2 stops24h 17mDelta
Deal found 20/10$1,374
Tue 17/200:30BNE - JFK
1 stop33h 35mCathay Pacific
Tue 24/201:45JFK - BNE
2 stops38h 30mCathay Pacific
Deal found 20/10$1,783
Wed 11/309:45BNE - LGA
2 stops22h 13mAir Canada
Sun 15/306:05LGA - BNE
2 stops59h 40mAir Canada
Deal found 20/10$1,366
Tue 18/1106:40BNE - JFK
2 stops38h 05mCathay Pacific
Tue 25/1109:00JFK - BNE
1 stop47h 00mCathay Pacific
Deal found 19/10$1,797
Tue 9/1209:40BNE - EWR
2 stops25h 45mAmerican Airlines
Wed 31/1206:06EWR - BNE
1 stop33h 24mAmerican Airlines
Deal found 21/10$2,047
Fri 5/1210:45BNE - JFK
2 stops25h 13mAir Canada
Thu 25/1216:50JFK - BNE
2 stops24h 55mAir Canada
Deal found 20/10$1,425
Sun 2/1108:40BNE - LGA
1 stop21h 24mQantas Airways
Thu 20/1114:53LGA - BNE
1 stop24h 37mQantas Airways
Deal found 20/10$2,153
Wed 11/310:05BNE - JFK
1 stop21h 50mDelta
Sun 15/321:29JFK - BNE
1 stop43h 51mDelta
Deal found 18/10$1,734
Sun 2/1105:05BNE - JFK
3 stops31h 34mAir Canada
Thu 20/1109:45JFK - BNE
2 stops32h 00mAir Canada
Deal found 20/10$1,488
Thu 11/1211:40BNE - EWR
2 stops24h 40mUnited Airlines
Tue 30/1217:00EWR - BNE
1 stop23h 30mUnited Airlines
Deal found 19/10$2,439
Tue 10/209:40BNE - LGA
1 stop20h 21mQantas Airways
Thu 26/217:02LGA - BNE
1 stop22h 28mQantas Airways
Deal found 20/10$2,365
Fri 5/1210:45BNE - LGA
2 stops25h 48mAir Canada
Thu 25/1215:20LGA - BNE
2 stops26h 25mAir Canada
Deal found 20/10$1,505
Wed 10/1211:40BNE - EWR
2 stops22h 33mUnited Airlines
Sat 3/120:20EWR - BNE
1 stop44h 10mUnited Airlines
Deal found 21/10$2,442
Wed 10/1211:40BNE - EWR
1 stop20h 20mUnited Airlines
Tue 30/1218:00EWR - BNE
1 stop22h 30mUnited Airlines
Deal found 21/10$2,442
Tue 25/1110:45BNE - EWR
1 stop21h 08mAir Canada
Thu 11/1218:25EWR - BNE
1 stop23h 20mAir Canada
Deal found 21/10$1,572
Mon 8/1211:40BNE - EWR
2 stops24h 00mUnited Airlines
Thu 1/112:00EWR - BNE
2 stops28h 30mUnited Airlines
Deal found 19/10$2,515
Tue 2/1210:45BNE - EWR
1 stop21h 08mAir Canada
Mon 8/1218:25EWR - BNE
2 stops29h 30mAir Canada
Deal found 20/10$1,648
Thu 4/1210:45BNE - LGA
2 stops23h 18mAir Canada
Thu 11/1213:05LGA - BNE
2 stops28h 40mAir Canada
Deal found 19/10$1,648
Last-minute flights from Brisbane to New York
Discover last-minute flight deals from Brisbane to New York. Data last updated 21 October 2025 and is based on user searches.
Sun 2/1110:45BNE - JFK
2 stops25h 13mAir Canada
Thu 20/1109:45JFK - BNE
2 stops32h 00mAir Canada
Deal found 19/10$1,296
Sun 2/1110:45BNE - LGA
2 stops25h 48mAir Canada
Thu 20/1115:30LGA - BNE
2 stops26h 15mAir Canada
Deal found 18/10$1,296
Mon 3/1110:45BNE - EWR
2 stops24h 52mAir Canada
Tue 18/1115:30EWR - BNE
2 stops26h 15mAir Canada
Deal found 19/10$1,222
Wed 5/1110:45BNE - EWR
2 stops38h 00mAir Canada
Wed 19/1115:30EWR - BNE
2 stops26h 15mAir Canada
Deal found 20/10$1,277
Wed 5/1119:50BNE - LGA
3 stops38h 13mMultiple Airlines
Wed 19/1116:20LGA - BNE
2 stops25h 25mMultiple Airlines
Deal found 20/10$1,333
Mon 10/1112:05BNE - JFK
3 stops49h 34mAir Canada
Wed 19/1110:05JFK - BNE
2 stops31h 40mAir Canada
Deal found 19/10$1,356
Tue 11/1106:35BNE - EWR
2 stops25h 18mAir Canada
Tue 18/1116:10EWR - BNE
2 stops25h 35mAir Canada
Deal found 19/10$1,313
Tue 11/1106:35BNE - JFK
3 stops31h 04mAir Canada
Tue 18/1116:50JFK - BNE
2 stops24h 55mAir Canada
Deal found 19/10$1,333
Wed 12/1110:45BNE - EWR
2 stops23h 53mAir Canada
Wed 19/1116:10EWR - BNE
2 stops25h 35mAir Canada
Deal found 20/10$1,290
Wed 12/1108:30BNE - JFK
1 stop20h 55mQantas Airways
Wed 19/1112:24JFK - BNE
1 stop27h 06mQantas Airways
Deal found 20/10$1,359
Thu 13/1110:45BNE - EWR
2 stops24h 52mAir Canada
Sun 23/1118:25EWR - BNE
1 stop23h 20mAir Canada
Deal found 19/10$1,286
Thu 13/1110:45BNE - LGA
2 stops25h 48mAir Canada
Wed 19/1115:20LGA - BNE
2 stops26h 25mAir Canada
Deal found 19/10$1,356
One-way flights from Brisbane to New York
Search for one-way flight options from Brisbane to New York. Find affordable one-way fares based on user searches. Data last updated 21 October 2025.
Wed 14/111:25BNE - JFK
2 stops34h 05mMultiple Airlines
Deal found 20/10$788
Thu 22/111:25BNE - EWR
2 stops33h 16mMultiple Airlines
Deal found 20/10$792
Tue 17/210:45BNE - EWR
2 stops37h 09mAir Canada
Deal found 19/10$799
Wed 14/111:25BNE - EWR
2 stops33h 16mMultiple Airlines
Deal found 20/10$805
Wed 12/1110:45BNE - JFK
2 stops26h 54mAir Canada
Deal found 19/10$810
Wed 12/1110:45BNE - EWR
2 stops23h 53mAir Canada
Deal found 19/10$810
Wed 12/1110:45BNE - LGA
2 stops26h 48mAir Canada
Deal found 19/10$810
Tue 17/210:45BNE - JFK
2 stops25h 13mAir Canada
Deal found 19/10$830
Tue 17/210:45BNE - LGA
2 stops25h 47mAir Canada
Deal found 19/10$830
Fri 23/111:25BNE - LGA
3 stops45h 20mMultiple Airlines
Deal found 20/10$844
Thu 15/111:25BNE - EWR
2 stops44h 04mMultiple Airlines
Deal found 20/10$858
Thu 22/111:25BNE - LGA
3 stops39h 06mMultiple Airlines
Deal found 20/10$864
Cheapflights Fare Finder
Customise your flight search to find flights from Brisbane to New York that fit within your specific budget. Explore options based on user searches and filter the results based on your desired price range. Find flights that match your budget for a cost-effective journey. Over the last 7 days, Cheapflights users made 647,157 searches. Data last updated 21 October 2025.
Use the filters below to find and compare flights from Brisbane to New York that are best for you.
Fly from
Brisbane
Fly to
New York
Route
Depart
Return
Price
BrisbaneNew York
BNE - LGA
BNELGA
Brisbane
Sun 2/11
10:45-22:33
2 stops25h 48m
New York LaGuardia
Thu 20/11
11:30-08:45
2 stops30h 15m
$1,345
BrisbaneNew York
BNE - LGA
BNELGA
Brisbane
Sun 8/3
10:45-18:03
2 stops22h 18m
New York LaGuardia
Sun 22/3
19:45-07:45
2 stops46h 00m
$1,345
BrisbaneNew York
BNE - LGA
BNELGA
Brisbane
Tue 2/12
10:45-21:33
2 stops25h 48m
New York LaGuardia
Thu 11/12
13:05-08:45
2 stops28h 40m
$1,345
BrisbaneNewark
BNE - EWR
BNEEWR
Brisbane
Wed 11/3
09:45-16:53
1 stop21h 08m
Newark
Sun 15/3
06:55-07:45
2 stops58h 50m
$1,357
BrisbaneNew York
BNE - LGA
BNELGA
Brisbane
Wed 11/3
09:45-17:58
2 stops22h 13m
New York LaGuardia
Sun 15/3
06:05-07:45
2 stops59h 40m
$1,366
BrisbaneNew York
BNE - JFK
BNEJFK
Brisbane
Wed 5/11
11:05-18:45
1 stop22h 40m
New York John F Kennedy Intl
Wed 19/11
16:00-08:20
2 stops25h 20m
$1,374
BrisbaneNew York
BNE - JFK
BNEJFK
Brisbane
Wed 18/2
11:05-17:45
1 stop21h 40m
New York John F Kennedy Intl
Wed 25/2
16:50-08:20
2 stops24h 30m
$1,374
BrisbaneNew York
BNE - JFK
BNEJFK
Brisbane
Wed 12/11
11:05-20:17
2 stops24h 12m
New York John F Kennedy Intl
Wed 19/11
18:05-08:20
1 stop23h 15m
$1,374
BrisbaneNew York
BNE - LGA
BNELGA
Brisbane
Wed 19/11
11:05-19:25
2 stops23h 20m
New York LaGuardia
Wed 26/11
17:03-08:20
2 stops24h 17m
$1,374
BrisbaneNew York
BNE - JFK
BNEJFK
Brisbane
Fri 5/12
10:45-20:58
2 stops25h 13m
New York John F Kennedy Intl
Thu 25/12
16:50-08:45
2 stops24h 55m
$1,425
Flights are sorted by cheapest return flights first.
Deals found on 20/10
Showing 1-10 of 59 results
1
2
3
...
6
Best time to book a flight from Brisbane to New York
Have a flexible travel schedule? Discover the best time to fly to New York from Brisbane with our price prediction graph.
Estimated return price
Rates are based on past data. Find the cheapest month and day to book your flight based on your travel requirements, then search for cheap deals.
Cheapflights Insights
Everything you need to know about your flight from Brisbane to New York
How far ahead should I book a flight from Brisbane to New York?
Use this chart to determine the optimal time to book a return flight from Brisbane to New York. Price data was last updated on 17 October 2025.
The price you pay for your flight from Brisbane to New York may vary depending on when you book. For the best chance of a lower fare, look to book 87 days in advance of your trip. Fares are likely to increase a fortnight or so before your departure date.
What is the cheapest month to book a flight from Brisbane to New York?
Currently, February is the cheapest month in which you can book a flight from Brisbane to New York (average of $1,208). Flying from Brisbane to New York in April is currently the most expensive (average of $1,634). There are several factors that can impact the price of a flight, so comparing airlines, departure airports and flight times can provide users with more options.
What is the cheapest time of day to fly from BNE to NYC?
Find hourly flight availability from Brisbane to New York. Discover flight options and departure times throughout the day, allowing you to choose a departure time that suits your schedule. Data last updated 21 October 2025.
One of the essential ways to save on airfare from Brisbane to New York is to remain as flexible as possible. Flights that are at midday tend to be the most expensive. A flight in the afternoon could potentially save you up to 14% on airfare.
What’s the top stopover airport for flights from Brisbane to New York?
Share of one-stop return flights from Brisbane to New York chosen by Cheapflights users in the past 12 months, using the same stopover each way.
Vancouver (YVR) – chosen by Cheapflights users on 22% of one-stop itineraries from Brisbane to New York on Cheapflights.
What’s the cheapest stopover airport for flights from Brisbane to New York?
Average return fare for one-stop flights from Brisbane to New York, chosen by Cheapflights users in the past 12 months, with the same stopover each way.
Vancouver (YVR) is the most affordable one-stop option, with an average return flight price of $1,872.
What’s the fastest stopover option from Brisbane to New York?
Shortest average travel time for one-stop one-way flights from Brisbane to New York, based on itineraries clicked by Cheapflights users over the past 12 months, grouped by stopover airport.
Flights via Dallas (DFW) have the shortest average one-way travel time for one-stop routes: 20h 10m.
Which airport typically offers the quickest stopover for flights from Brisbane to New York?
Average stopover duration for one-stop one-way flights from Brisbane to New York, chosen by Cheapflights users in the last 12 months, grouped by stopover airport.
Flights via Dallas (DFW) offer the fastest connection on this route, with an average stopover time of 1h 37m.
Reviews of airlines servicing New York
Get insights into the airlines that provide service to New York. Read reviews, discover amenities, and learn about the overall travel experience offered by airlines. Use this information to make informed decisions when choosing an airline for your flight to New York. Reviews last updated 21 October 2025.
Read reviews from past customers who have flown with Cathay Pacific, Virgin Australia, andQantas Airways
from Brisbane to New York. Users can see the overall rating for each airline as well as how each is rated in terms of entertainment options, comfort, food, crew/service, and boarding process.
Everything was good except the typhoon that cause cancelation of my return flight with i had not got any compensation for
Related info for your journey
Find useful and relevant information for your journey from Brisbane to New York. Access travel guides, tips, and recommendations to enhance your travel experience. Get information about local attractions, weather, transportation options, and more.
What airport do you fly from for flights from Brisbane to New York?
If you book a flight to New York from Brisbane, you will be flying from Brisbane, which is the city’s only airport. Brisbane (BNE) is located 12.3 km from the centre of Brisbane. There are 0 flights from Brisbane to New York per day from 9 different airlines.
How long is the flight from Brisbane to New York?
For as low as $1,374, Air Canada can have you in New York from Brisbane in 22h 40m. Brisbane and New York are separated by a distance of 15496 km. This flight may include one or multiple stops.
What are the cheapest airlines flying from Brisbane to New York round-trip?
Air Canada, at $1,197, was found to be the cheapest airline from Brisbane to New York.Alternate airlines to your destination round-trip include United Airlines and Qantas Airways. Air Canada is priced at 38% lower than the current average price of a flight leaving 3 months from now.
What are the most popular routes from Brisbane to New York?
The most popular route from Brisbane to New York is Brisbane - Newark. You may also consider Brisbane - New York John F Kennedy Intl or Brisbane - New York LaGuardia.
Where are the most common stopover locations when flying from Brisbane to New York?
Flights departing from Brisbane and landing in New York stopover in Vancouver most frequently. San Francisco sees the second most layovers for non-direct flights flying from Brisbane to New York.
What are some popular points of interest to see during a stopover in San Francisco?
Most San Francisco visitors opt to spend their time at Fisherman's Wharf, Union Square, and Ghirardelli Square. Travellers on a stopover in San Francisco can visit Fisherman's Wharf, Union Square, and Ghirardelli Square, by travelling 21.0 km, 18.7 km, and 20.8 km, respectively after landing at San Francisco. Travellers can book a car hire at San Francisco for about $61 per day to make their sightseeing more efficient.
Where are the least popular stopover locations for Brisbane to New York flights?
Brisbane to New York flights have a stopover in Hong Kong least often.
Can I find deals for flights from Brisbane to New York that include hotel bookings?
Yes. In addition to deals on Brisbane to New York flights, Cheapflights offers holiday packages that include both flights and hotel.
How can I find direct flights from Brisbane to New York?
After entering your origin and destination, apply the non-stop filter on the search result page to find direct flights from Brisbane to New York.
Can I find deals for business class flights from Brisbane to New York?
Yes. Cheapflights offers flight deals from Brisbane to New York by cabin class. In addition to browsing deals, you can also filter by cabin class on the search results page after making a search.
What is the cheapest month to book a flight from Brisbane to New York?
Currently, February is the cheapest month in which you can book a flight from Brisbane to New York (average of $1,208). Flying from Brisbane to New York in April is currently the most expensive (average of $1,634). There are several factors that can impact the price of a flight, so comparing airlines, departure airports and flight times can provide users with more options.
Book flights to New York if you plan to visit one of these locations
Secaucus
Fort Lee
Queens
Princeton
Browse thousands of different options on Cheapflights for your next trip
Toggle through the tabs below to find thousands of options on Cheapflights for your next trip.
Fly from Brisbane to New York on these airlines
Choose from the following airlines for your flight from Brisbane to New York. Flights are based on user searches made on Cheapflights and were last updated on 21 October 2025.
Explore flights to New York departing from other origins. Flights are based on user searches made on Cheapflights and were last updated on 21 October 2025.
Browse through other flights departing from Brisbane. Flights are based on user searches made on Cheapflights and were last updated on 21 October 2025.
Discover the top 9 airlines that operate flights from Brisbane to New York. Compare their services, reliability, and customer satisfaction ratings to choose the airline that best suits your travel preferences and needs. Over the last 7 days, Cheapflights users made 647,157 searches. Data last updated 21 October 2025.
Find the best flight deals on Cheapflights, where travellers can enjoy low prices and a wide availability of flights to their desired destinations.
How does Cheapflights help users find flights from Brisbane to New York?
When you search for this flight from Brisbane to New York, Cheapflights searches on 900+ travel sites to save you time finding great flight deals online. Additionally, we offer filter features so you can choose a preferred cabin class or airline, see different price ranges, and much more so you can book the flight for you.
Why should you use Cheapflights to find cheap flight tickets from Brisbane to New York?
Cheapflights simply makes it quick and affordable to book flights from Brisbane to New York by bringing together all flight options from hundreds of airlines and agencies online — and put it in one place for you to choose from. Plus, Cheapflights is 100% free to use for all.
Can Cheapflights find flights from Brisbane to New York with no change fees?
Need flexible booking options for your flight to New York from Brisbane? Don’t worry, Cheapflights have you covered. Use our search filter to only show flights with no change fees.
Can Cheapflights notify me if prices for flights from Brisbane to New York become cheaper?
Yes, and it’s super simple to set up. Click the bell icon next to the flight deals above and provide a valid email address to enable Price Alerts. That’s it!
100% Free
Cheapflights is completely free to use, so you can start saving the moment you arrive.
Book with Flexibility
Our users can plan ahead with confidence and find flights with no change fees
Travel Smart
Millions of people come to us for their flight needs every year. We help make travel planning easy by providing useful insights and data-driven graphs that can inform your decisions.
We value your privacy
Cheapflights and its partners wish to use cookies or similar technologies to store and/or access information on and about your device and process personal data such as your IP address, device identifiers etc., in order to improve your experience on the site, to analyse navigation, to offer and measure personalised advertising, and to facilitate sharing on social networks. We also allow the use of third-party cookies (including those from our advertising partners) on our sites.
By clicking 'Accept', you consent to your data being processed by 0 vendors on this web site for the purposes described in this notice. You can review the vendors and their individual processing purposes on the .
To review individual processing purposes and cookie categories, please click ’Select individual purposes’. You can review your choices and withdraw your consent at any time by clicking the ’Privacy Preferences’ link in the page side navigation.